逆(ni)(ni)变器作为整个(ge)光(guang)伏发电的(de)(de)(de)(de)检测中(zhong)心，上对(dui)直(zhi)流组(zu)件(jian)，下对(dui)并网(wang)设(she)(she)备，基本所有的(de)(de)(de)(de)电站(zhan)(zhan)参数都(dou)可以(yi)通过(guo)(guo)逆(ni)(ni)变器检测出来(lai)。一般(ban)逆(ni)(ni)变器只要在并网(wang)状态，监控显示的(de)(de)(de)(de)功率曲线为正(zheng)常(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)“山(shan)”行，证(zheng)明该电站(zhan)(zhan)运(yun)行稳定，如果出现异常(chang)，则可以(yi)通过(guo)(guo)逆(ni)(ni)变器反馈的(de)(de)(de)(de)信息检查电站(zhan)(zhan)配套(tao)设(she)(she)备健康状况(kuang)。下面整理(li)了一些光(guang)伏逆(ni)(ni)变器常(chang)见的(de)(de)(de)(de)故障信息与处理(li)方法：
1、绝(jue)缘阻(zu)抗(kang)低(di)：使用排除法(fa)。把逆变器(qi)输入侧的组(zu)串全(quan)部拔下，然(ran)后逐一(yi)接上(shang)，利用逆变器(qi)开机检(jian)测(ce)绝(jue)缘阻(zu)抗(kang)的功能(neng)，检(jian)测(ce)问题组(zu)串，找到问题组(zu)串后检(jian)查直流接头是否有水浸短(duan)接支(zhi)架(jia)或者烧(shao)熔短(duan)接支(zhi)架(jia)，另外还可(ke)以检(jian)查组(zu)件(jian)本(ben)身是否在边缘地(di)方有黑斑烧(shao)毁导(dao)致组(zu)件(jian)通过边框漏(lou)电到地(di)网。
2、母线电(dian)压低：如果出现在早/晚时段，则为(wei)正常(chang)问题(ti)，因为(wei)逆(ni)变器在尝试极(ji)限发(fa)电(dian)条件。如果出现在正常(chang)白(bai)天，检测方法(fa)依然为(wei)排除法(fa)，检测方法(fa)与1项相同。
3、漏电流故障：这类问(wen)(wen)题(ti)根本原因就是安装质量(liang)问(wen)(wen)题(ti)，选择(ze)错误的(de)(de)安装地点与低(di)(di)质量(liang)的(de)(de)设备引(yin)起。故障点有(you)很(hen)多：低(di)(di)质量(liang)的(de)(de)直流接(jie)头，低(di)(di)质量(liang)的(de)(de)组(zu)(zu)件，组(zu)(zu)件安装高度不合格，并(bing)网设备质量(liang)低(di)(di)或进水漏电，一但出现类似问(wen)(wen)题(ti)，可(ke)以通过在洒粉找出**点并(bing)做好绝缘工作解决(jue)问(wen)(wen)题(ti)，如果是材(cai)料本省问(wen)(wen)题(ti)则只能(neng)更换材(cai)料。
4、直流过压保护：随着组件追求(qiu)工艺改进，功率(lv)等级(ji)不断更新上(shang)升，同(tong)时组件开路(lu)电(dian)压与工作电(dian)压也(ye)在上(shang)涨，设(she)(she)计阶段须考虑(lv)温度系数(shu)问题，避免低温情况出(chu)现过压导致设(she)(she)备硬损(sun)坏(huai)。
5、逆(ni)变(bian)器开机无响(xiang)应：请确保(bao)直(zhi)流输入线路(lu)没(mei)有接(jie)(jie)反(fan)，一(yi)般直(zhi)流接(jie)(jie)头有防(fang)呆效果，但是(shi)压(ya)(ya)线端(duan)子没(mei)有防(fang)呆效果，仔(zi)细阅读逆(ni)变(bian)器说明书(shu)确保(bao)正(zheng)负极后再压(ya)(ya)接(jie)(jie)是(shi)很重要的。逆(ni)变(bian)器内置反(fan)接(jie)(jie)短(duan)路(lu)保(bao)护(hu)，在恢复正(zheng)常接(jie)(jie)线后正(zheng)常启(qi)动。
6、电网故障(zhang)：
电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)网(wang)过(guo)压：前期勘察电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)网(wang)重(zhong)载(zai)(用电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量大(da)工(gong)作(zuo)时(shi)(shi)间)/轻载(zai)(用电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量少休(xiu)息时(shi)(shi)间)的(de)工(gong)作(zuo)就在(zai)这里体现出来，提前勘察并(bing)(bing)(bing)网(wang)点电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压的(de)健康情(qing)况，与(yu)逆变(bian)器厂商沟通电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)网(wang)情(qing)况做技术结合(he)能保(bao)证项目设(she)计在(zai)合(he)理范围内(nei)，切勿“想当(dang)然”，特别是农村电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)网(wang)，逆变(bian)器对并(bing)(bing)(bing)网(wang)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压，并(bing)(bing)(bing)网(wang)波形，并(bing)(bing)(bing)网(wang)距离(li)都是有(you)严格要(yao)求(qiu)的(de)。出现电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)网(wang)过(guo)压问题(ti)多数原(yuan)因在(zai)于原(yuan)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)网(wang)轻载(zai)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压超过(guo)或接(jie)近安(an)规保(bao)护值，如果并(bing)(bing)(bing)网(wang)线路(lu)过(guo)长或压接(jie)不好导致线路(lu)阻抗/感抗过(guo)大(da)，电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)是无法(fa)正(zheng)常稳(wen)定运行的(de)。解决办法(fa)是找(zhao)供电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)局协调电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压或者正(zheng)确(que)选择并(bing)(bing)(bing)网(wang)并(bing)(bing)(bing)严抓电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)建设(she)质量。
电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)网(wang)(wang)(wang)欠压(ya)：该(gai)问(wen)题与电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)网(wang)(wang)(wang)过(guo)压(ya)的(de)处理方法一致(zhi)，但是(shi)如果出(chu)现独立的(de)一相(xiang)(xiang)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)过(guo)低，除了原电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)网(wang)(wang)(wang)负(fu)载分配不(bu)完全(quan)之外(wai)，该(gai)相(xiang)(xiang)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)网(wang)(wang)(wang)掉电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)或(huo)断路也(ye)会导致(zhi)该(gai)问(wen)题，出(chu)现虚电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)。电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)网(wang)(wang)(wang)过(guo)/欠频：如果正常电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)网(wang)(wang)(wang)出(chu)现这类问(wen)题，证明电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)网(wang)(wang)(wang)健康(kang)非常堪(kan)忧。电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)网(wang)(wang)(wang)没电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)：检查并网(wang)(wang)(wang)线(xian)路即(ji)可。
电网缺相：检查缺相电路(lu)(lu)，即无电压线(xian)路(lu)(lu)。
7、监控搭接(jie)：正确阅读各(ge)设(she)(she)备说明书机型线路压接(jie)，设(she)(she)备连接(jie)，并设(she)(she)置(zhi)好设(she)(she)备的(de)通讯(xun)地(di)址，时间，是保证通讯(xun)稳定(ding)有(you)效(xiao)的(de)保证!
8、发(fa)电(dian)(dian)量(liang)保(bao)证(zheng)：有空擦擦板(ban)子，发(fa)电(dian)(dian)量(liang)“凸(tu)”一(yi)下就起来(lai)了。
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